Lab notesWe pricked the blood out of our fingers using
(1) Given what you know about the science of biology, why would you expect that there would be variations to Mendel's First and Second Laws?
(2) Define Codominance. Provide an example of codominance, highlighting genotype and phenotype ratios of the following generations: P, F1, F2.
(3) Define Incomplete Dominance. Provide an example of incomplete dominance, highlighting genotype and phenotype ratios of the following generations: P, F1, F2.
(4) Outline one example of inheritance involving multiple alleles.
(5) How do polygenic traits produce the appearance of blending inheritance?
1. Biology is not a type of science that is easily defined. Math and biology are not very similar, contrary to chemistry and physics. Because the basic principle if biology is about life, and there isn't even a complete definition to as what life is, it is not surprising that there are exceptions to several laws in biology. The exceptions show that some parts of biology are so complex that they cannot be simply put in basic laws and must be taken with a grain of salt.
2.Codominance is when both traits become apparent in an organism. The alleles are equally dominant and it leaves the organism with the chance of only the dominant trait. If the dad was BB and the mom was BB for the hair color brown, their children could only have BB as their alleles. This means there is a 0% chance that the children will have anything other than brown hair.
3. Not all alleles that match up together have a basic dominant recessive situation. Some alleles are almost dominant to the other allele but not quite completely dominant. This is called incomplete dominance. Incomplete dominance comes from two genotypes having a relationship where one is not completely dominant over the other gene and results in a blended phenotype. For example: Someone who has brown skin (allele-G) reproduces with someone who has white skin (allele-g). G is incompletely dominant over g so the child (F1) will have light brown skin and if his child (F2) has the alleles Gg incomplete dominance will occur in his or her skin color phenotype as well.
4. The inheritance of skin color would be an example of inheritance involving multiple alleles. There are many different alleles that go into creating the skin color of a person. Skin color changes from people who live in Northern Europe, to Africa, to Asia. There are many alleles that make up the characteristic for skin color, therefore, if an offspring were to inherit skin color, the two parents would mix their alleles and result in a skin color. The more alleles there are, the more options of skin color there are for the offspring.
5. Polygenic traits are traits that are controlled by more than one gene. For each gene, there may be two or more alleles. Gene inheritance is likely if two genes are located near the same allele.
(2) Define Codominance. Provide an example of codominance, highlighting genotype and phenotype ratios of the following generations: P, F1, F2.
(3) Define Incomplete Dominance. Provide an example of incomplete dominance, highlighting genotype and phenotype ratios of the following generations: P, F1, F2.
(4) Outline one example of inheritance involving multiple alleles.
(5) How do polygenic traits produce the appearance of blending inheritance?
1. Biology is not a type of science that is easily defined. Math and biology are not very similar, contrary to chemistry and physics. Because the basic principle if biology is about life, and there isn't even a complete definition to as what life is, it is not surprising that there are exceptions to several laws in biology. The exceptions show that some parts of biology are so complex that they cannot be simply put in basic laws and must be taken with a grain of salt.
2.Codominance is when both traits become apparent in an organism. The alleles are equally dominant and it leaves the organism with the chance of only the dominant trait. If the dad was BB and the mom was BB for the hair color brown, their children could only have BB as their alleles. This means there is a 0% chance that the children will have anything other than brown hair.
3. Not all alleles that match up together have a basic dominant recessive situation. Some alleles are almost dominant to the other allele but not quite completely dominant. This is called incomplete dominance. Incomplete dominance comes from two genotypes having a relationship where one is not completely dominant over the other gene and results in a blended phenotype. For example: Someone who has brown skin (allele-G) reproduces with someone who has white skin (allele-g). G is incompletely dominant over g so the child (F1) will have light brown skin and if his child (F2) has the alleles Gg incomplete dominance will occur in his or her skin color phenotype as well.
4. The inheritance of skin color would be an example of inheritance involving multiple alleles. There are many different alleles that go into creating the skin color of a person. Skin color changes from people who live in Northern Europe, to Africa, to Asia. There are many alleles that make up the characteristic for skin color, therefore, if an offspring were to inherit skin color, the two parents would mix their alleles and result in a skin color. The more alleles there are, the more options of skin color there are for the offspring.
5. Polygenic traits are traits that are controlled by more than one gene. For each gene, there may be two or more alleles. Gene inheritance is likely if two genes are located near the same allele.