Write up and conclusion of lymphatic and immune system
The article "New studies detail how HIV affects immune system, claim drug exists to stop virus" describes a discovery about how HIV affects the human immune system. While previously thought that the virus itself directly killed the white blood cells that would rush to the site of infection to aid in eradicating the virus, the new discoveries show that the white blood cells actually self destruct in a last effort to kill off the virus. This finding was not that surprising to researchers, as the number of infected cells was far fewer than the number of cells that actually died. There was not an explanation for this phenomenon before the scientists featured in this article discovered the true reason. The white blood cells have to destroy themselves quickly so that the virus cannot spread to others as a percentage of infected cells are used to replicate the virus to astronomical numbers that the human body cannot keep up with in terms of creating new healthy T cells. The article describes this constant battle between virus replication and cellular reproduction as a race. The T cells cannot keep up though, as they self destruct too late as they have allowed too many new viruses to be created. The article describes a type of drug that is being tested that is supposed to force the infected T cells to destroy themselves much earlier than they do naturally so that the virus cannot destroy enough white blood cells to allow the onset of AIDS. Without the white blood cells, the body is vulnerable. The drug described in the article would be a game changer in the field of medicine if it in fact works well enough to be sold publicly.
The article about high testosterone levels linking to a decrease in antibodies after a vaccination showed that women have a better reaction to vaccines. When men were given the vaccine their bodies created fewer antibodies than women in a study. The doctors were intrigued by this so they did further research. What they found was that it was not men in general that created fewer antibodies, but men who had higher levels of testosterone. Men with lower levels had similar reactions to women in terms of generating antibodies but those with high levels created a lower number. The researchers found that testosterone does not directly impact the immune system, what they did find was that through genes the testosterone would make a difference in the creation of antibodies. Those with certain genes that created more testosterone would also have traits in their DNA that generated less antibodies. The study puts a new highlight on the connection between the immune system and genes as the high testosterone trait connects to the immune system. This article was interesting to read, and pertains to what we are learning about in class. Without being able to understand the immune system, one would not be able to comprehend the part of the article about antibodies. In the article, women create more antibodies than men in most circumstances because they do not have the same gene that men have which makes the production of antibodies slower. Their immune system is slightly stronger because of this. In conclusion, the immune system can have a different impact upon antigens and invaders depending on the genes of a given person.
The article about high testosterone levels linking to a decrease in antibodies after a vaccination showed that women have a better reaction to vaccines. When men were given the vaccine their bodies created fewer antibodies than women in a study. The doctors were intrigued by this so they did further research. What they found was that it was not men in general that created fewer antibodies, but men who had higher levels of testosterone. Men with lower levels had similar reactions to women in terms of generating antibodies but those with high levels created a lower number. The researchers found that testosterone does not directly impact the immune system, what they did find was that through genes the testosterone would make a difference in the creation of antibodies. Those with certain genes that created more testosterone would also have traits in their DNA that generated less antibodies. The study puts a new highlight on the connection between the immune system and genes as the high testosterone trait connects to the immune system. This article was interesting to read, and pertains to what we are learning about in class. Without being able to understand the immune system, one would not be able to comprehend the part of the article about antibodies. In the article, women create more antibodies than men in most circumstances because they do not have the same gene that men have which makes the production of antibodies slower. Their immune system is slightly stronger because of this. In conclusion, the immune system can have a different impact upon antigens and invaders depending on the genes of a given person.
Lymphatic and immune system drawing
lymphatic and immune system inquiry and research
1) How is a virus able to get into a cell?
A virus goes into a cell because it has certain keys on the outside that allow it to unlock the cell and gain access. The cell sees these as familiar symbols, and grants the virus access.
2) What structure alows the virus DNA to be replicated?
A ribosome allows virus genetic code to be replicated and allows the virus to reproduce extremely fast.
(1) When you were young, you probably got colds all the time. Now, you should only gets 1 or 2 colds a year. What is going on? Why is this?
We only get one or two colds at this time in our life's because we have developed antigens that counter foreign bodies that have been in our body already.
(2) What are the various components of your immune system and what functions do they serve?
There are T cells, which are the kind of cells that destroy antigens, B cells, which memorize a pathogen so that it can be easily be defeat edit the next time, and macrophages, which are less effiecient than T cells but serve a similar purpose. The skin is also part of the immune system, as it keeps out invaders.
(3) What are lymphocytes? Where are they located in the body?
Lymphocytes are cells in the immune system that recognize cells as foreign or belonging to the body. Lymphocytes are intended to find and fight pathogens. They come in two types; these types are T Cells and B Cells. Lymphocytes are found in the lymphatic system and the blood.
A virus goes into a cell because it has certain keys on the outside that allow it to unlock the cell and gain access. The cell sees these as familiar symbols, and grants the virus access.
2) What structure alows the virus DNA to be replicated?
A ribosome allows virus genetic code to be replicated and allows the virus to reproduce extremely fast.
(1) When you were young, you probably got colds all the time. Now, you should only gets 1 or 2 colds a year. What is going on? Why is this?
We only get one or two colds at this time in our life's because we have developed antigens that counter foreign bodies that have been in our body already.
(2) What are the various components of your immune system and what functions do they serve?
There are T cells, which are the kind of cells that destroy antigens, B cells, which memorize a pathogen so that it can be easily be defeat edit the next time, and macrophages, which are less effiecient than T cells but serve a similar purpose. The skin is also part of the immune system, as it keeps out invaders.
(3) What are lymphocytes? Where are they located in the body?
Lymphocytes are cells in the immune system that recognize cells as foreign or belonging to the body. Lymphocytes are intended to find and fight pathogens. They come in two types; these types are T Cells and B Cells. Lymphocytes are found in the lymphatic system and the blood.